Nokia has excelled in innovation via Nokia Bell Labs. Could you share more details of its working areas.

Thank you for the important question. Nokia Bell Labs continues to be an innovation leader making new world records regularly. We have the Bell Labs Core Research, who work closely with Bell Labs Solution research and Nokia Standards, and whose mission is to invent game-changing innovations at the edge of science in and across all network segments that define the future of communication and ensure portfolio leadership of Nokia's Business Groups. The Bell Labs Solutions Research group invents disruptive technologies and solutions and delivers proof of concept systems and experiences that generate growth opportunities in new and emerging markets and ecosystems. Let me provide some examples. The European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) is one of the top two international conferences in optical communications and where industry and academics share their latest research and results. This year again, Nokia Bell Labs had a dominating impact on the conference with 37 invited, top-scored, or contributed papers. In addition, the most impactful results are presented as 'Post Deadline' papers, results brought to the conference and, through a highly selective process, chosen to be presented as the latest industry results: Nokia Bell Labs researchers authored 7 of the 25 post deadline papers chosen. Nokia's thought leadership over the industry was further enhanced by four World Record results presented during the conference. Some highlights include two world records in demonstration of 800 gigabits per second (Gbps) transmission on a single wavelength over trans-Pacific distances (7865km) as well as communication of 41.3 terabits per second (Tbps) on an unrepeated 291km submarine link. 2.42Tbps speed on a single coherent optical channel was reported using new modulation techniques. This world record result is twice the speed of the latest Nokia PSE6 product offering a potential direction for future development of our product solutions. Use of AI and machine learning was detailed in many presentations, including an AI powered robot for network automation in optical networks, event detection in PON based systems, and an innovative transfer learning method to classify high-risk events with minimal data. We also provided a detailed description and lab proof of concept of a 100 Gbps per wavelength transmission from the surface of the Earth to the surface of the moon. Let me share another example. In 1969, Bell Labs gave the world UNIX, the operating system software that shaped modern computing. Now, Nokia Bell Labs is preparing to upend the software world again with a new network systems architecture called the Unified Networking Experience, or UNEXT. UNEXT will flatten the many tiers of complexity that have come to define communications today while extending the reach of networked systems by breaking down barriers that prevent those systems from interoperating. UNEXT will be fundamental to shepherding in the 6G era. At the fundamental level, UNEXT is a self-managing, interactive operating system that smoothly and securely supports users and applications with resources spread across heterogeneous owners and execution environments. In short, UNEXT will make the process of securely integrating anything with the network a simple task. Hope this response helped to understand Nokia Bell Labs and the current innovation activities better.

Further, as an industrial research lab, we innovate with purpose, pursuing responsible, sustainable technologies that will have a demonstrable impact on society. Nokia Bell Labs research areas include Network Fundamentals (e.g. 6G and Lunar Network - The first cellular network on the Moon), Automation (Powering the industrial metaverse and more), Semiconductors and devices (Radio on Glass, Camera as a Service, and more), and AI and software systems.